Dietary modification in cirrhosis is very important for speedy reversal of architectural distortions of cirrhosis. Along with dietary modification, the removal of the causative or aggressive factors of cirrhosis is also important for architectural distortions of cirrhosis.
The following dietary modifications are essential for speedy reversal of architectural distortions of cirrhosis:
Energy requirement:
The energy requirements are increased to correct nutrition deficiencies and to promote reversal of architectural distortions liver, but due to the bedridden condition of the patient the energy requirement of cirrhosis patient is actually less than normal person.
Proteins:
The protein intake should be normal to overcome malnutrition, regenerate liver cells and to replenish plasma proteins. However, if there is hepatic coma, the protein intake should be less than normal depending on the individual tolerance.
Carbohydrates:
A high carbohydrate diet is essential and recommended for increased energy demand and to protect the liver from further damage. Carbohydrates should be in the simple forms like glucose, sugar, fruits and fruit juices and starches like cereals and root vegetables etc. Irritating fibers should not be taken and refined cereals and low fiber vegetables and fruits should be consumed.
Fats:
Many cirrhotic patients suffer from mal-absorption of fat and fat should be restricted to help such patients (although inclusion of adequate amount of fat to improve the palatability of the diet and to promote recovery is recommended). The amount of fat to be included in the diet varies depending on individual. Emulsified fats, which are easily digested like fat from milk, butter, cream, eggs should be given.
Vitamins:
The absorption of fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin A, D, E & K may be affected due to the decreased intake and impaired absorption of fat. Therefore, diet should include fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin A, D, E & K rich foods and vitamin B complex supplements may be required to replenish liver store and repair tissue damage.
Minerals:
Adequate amounts of calcium, magnesium and other minerals should be provided in the diet for cirrhosis patient. The intake of sodium needs to be restricted because of water retention in the body.